Potassium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
CAS: 7789-23-3;12178-06-2
Molecular Formula: FK
Potassium fluoride - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Potassium fluoride |
| Synonyms | SUCROSE, MOLECUL POTASSIUM FLUORIDE Potassium fluoride Potassium fluoride solution Anhydrous Potassium Fluoride Potassium fluoride anhydrous Potassium fluoride on alumina potassium fluoride spray dried POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ON CELITE(R) POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ANHYDROUS pure Potassium Fluoride, Anhydrous, Reagent POTASSIUM FLUORIDE IN D2O NMR REFERENCE STANDARD |
| CAS | 7789-23-3 12178-06-2 |
| EINECS | 232-151-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
Potassium fluoride - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | FK |
| Molar Mass | 58.1 |
| Density | 2.48 |
| Melting Point | 858 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 1505 °C |
| Flash Point | 1505°C |
| Water Solubility | 92.3 g/100 mL (18 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
| Vapor Presure | 1.3 hPa (885 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2 (vs air) |
| Appearance | spray-dried |
| Specific Gravity | 2.481 |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2.5 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 250 mg/m3; TWA 2.5 mg/m3 |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01'] |
| Merck | 14,7632 |
| BRN | 3902818 |
| PH | 7.0-8.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Protect from moisture. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases. |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Refractive Index | 1.363 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character: colorless cubic crystal. Deliquescence. melting point 858 ℃ boiling point 1505 ℃ relative density 2.48 refractive index 1.363 soluble in water, soluble in hydrofluoric acid and liquid ammonia, slightly soluble in alcohol and acetone. The aqueous solution is alkaline. |
| Use | Used for glass engraving, food anti-corrosion, electroplating, etc., also used as welding flux, insecticide, fluoride agent, absorbent |
Potassium fluoride - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | T - Toxic |
| Risk Codes | R25 - Toxic if swallowed R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 1812 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TT0700000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2826 19 90 |
| Hazard Note | Harmful |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | MLD in guinea pigs (mg/kg): 250 orally, 350 s.c.; in frogs (mg/kg): 375 s.c. (Simonin) |
Potassium fluoride - Upstream Downstream Industry
Potassium fluoride - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless cubic crystals. Deliquescence. The relative density was 2. 48. Melting point 858 °c. Boiling point 1505 °c. Refractive index 363. Soluble in water, soluble in hydrofluoric acid and liquid ammonia, slightly soluble in alcohol and acetone. The aqueous solution is alkaline and can corrode glass and porcelain. When heated to sublimation temperature, a little decomposition, but the activity of molten potassium cyanide is larger, can corrode refractory substances. The adduct KF.H2 02 can be formed with hydrogen peroxide. There are two types of hydrate: KF.2H20 and KF.4H20. When it is lower than 40.2 ℃, dihydrate (KF.2H20) can be obtained by crystallization in aqueous solution, which is
Monoclinic crystals, 41 degrees can be dissolved in the crystallization of water. Toxic.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Potassium fluoride - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
neutralization method: solid potassium hydroxide is dissolved in equal amount of water in the neutralization tank, and then anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (or 40% hydrofluoric acid) is introduced to react until pH = 7~8, stop feeding anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, static sedimentation for 24h, and the obtained clear liquid (containing about 40% of potassium fluoride) is sent to vacuum evaporator for vacuum concentration (pressure is 79993). When most crystals are contained in the solution, then filtered (pressure is 0. 2~0. 3MPa), vacuum drying (pressure 79993) 6h, prepared potassium fluoride products.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:01:15
Potassium fluoride - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for glass engraving, food preservation, electroplating. It can be used as a welding flux, an insecticide, a fluorinating agent of an organic compound, a catalyst, an absorbent (absorbing HF and moisture), and the like. It is also a raw material for the preparation of potassium hydrogen fluoride.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:01:14
Potassium fluoride - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
This product is toxic, LD50 245mg/kg. On the mucosa, upper respiratory tract, eyes, skin tissue has a strong destructive effect. After inhalation may be due to inflammation of the larynx and bronchi, edema, spasm and chemical Pneumonia, pulmonary edema and death. Poisoning manifestations were burning, Cough, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, Head Pain, Nausea and Vomit. Specific Protection Measure respiratory system protection: when the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, should wear a respirator. In case of emergency rescue or escape, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses. Physical Protection: Wear appropriate protective clothing. Hand Protection: wear chemical protective gloves. Other: no smoking, eating and drinking at work. After work, take a shower and change clothes. Work clothes should not be taken to non-work sites. Clothing contaminated with toxicants should be stored separately and used after washing. Maintain good hygiene practices. This substance is harmful to the environment, and special attention should be paid to the pollution of water bodies. There are three main methods for the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater: ①calcium salt precipitation method. Calcium salt aluminum sulfate co precipitation method. The calcium salt phosphate method. For packaging and storage, polypropylene woven bags lined with two-layer polyethylene plastic bags or polyethylene plastic barrels shall be used, with a net weight of 10kg or 25kg per bag, and a net weight of 50kg per barrel. The package should be marked with a "drug" sign. Should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry warehouse, to prevent moisture caking. Do not store and transport together with edible chemical products, acids and alkalis. Protection against rain and sun exposure during transport. It is an inorganic drug, with risk CODE: GB 6.1 61513.UN N0.1812; IM-DG CODE, P. 6242, category 6.1. Fire extinguishing method: dry powder, sand.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:01:16
Potassium fluoride - Reference Information
| LogP | -0.77 at 25℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | potassium fluoride is a salt, also known as potassium fluoride, which is a white monoclinic crystal or crystalline powder, salty, easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. Its aqueous solution is alkaline and can corrode glass and porcelain, so it is usually used as a variety of glass etching, welding flux, wood preservative, agricultural pesticides, pesticide intermediates, pharmaceutical industry raw materials and organic fluorinated raw materials, in the construction, chemical industry, agriculture has an indispensable role. |
| application field | potassium fluoride is still one of the most commonly used fluorinating agents, and it can be said that there is no vigorous development of fluorine chemical industry without potassium fluoride. And potassium fluoride as the most important period of the reaction activity of the fluoride agent, as a fluoride agent, especially in the production and application of fine chemicals, high activity potassium fluoride has the incomparable advantages of ordinary anhydrous potassium fluoride. |
| sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride | Both sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride are white crystals having a rock salt type structure. Sodium fluoride is relatively insoluble in water (100 ° C., 5g/92.3 ml of water), while potassium fluoride has strong hygroscopicity and is very soluble in water (g/g of water at 18 ° C.). Potassium fluoride has dihydrate (mp41 °c) and tetrahydrate (mp19.3 °c). sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride, unlike other alkali metal halide salts (e. G., sodium chloride), are alkaline and easily undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen fluoride to form acid salts. sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride can be separately with sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, according to the calculated amount of hydrofluoric acid neutralization can be made, if the hydrofluoric acid excess, acid salts (sodium fluoride acid NaHF2 or potassium fluoride acid KHF2) are brought in. K2CO3 2HF → 2KF H2O CO2 KF HF → KHF2. sodium fluoride is prepared industrially by reacting sodium fluorosilicate with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Na2SiF6 6NaOH → 6NaF Na2SiO3 3H2O sodium fluoride is the most inexpensive fluorinated alkali metal, and hydrogen fluoride can be used to form acid salts, it is used as an adsorbent for hydrogen fluoride in the atomic energy industry and other fields. potassium fluoride and sodium fluoride are more easily dissociated in various solvents. Since fluoride ions (F-) are easily formed, they can be used as fluorinating agents for organic compounds, in particular as fluorinating agents for halide exchange processes. RCl kf→rf KCl recently, potassium fluoride has been gradually used as a condensing agent in organic reactions by taking advantage of the strong binding strength of fluoride ions and hydrogen ions. |
| potassium hydrogen fluoride | potassium hydrogen fluoride, also referred to as "potassium fluorohydride", "potassium acid fluoride", and "potassium fluoride", is an acid salt of hydrofluoric acid. Chemical formula khf2. Molecular weight 78.11. Colorless equiaxed crystal system, easy deliquescence. Toxic! The relative density is 2.369g/cm3. Soluble in hot water, soluble in potassium acetate, insoluble in anhydrous ethanol. The aqueous solution is acidic and strongly corrodes glass and ceramics. It decomposes when heated to about 225 °c. Hydrogen fluoride is released by absorption of moisture in moist air. preparation method: potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate is reacted with a sufficient amount of hydrofluoric acid, or hydrofluoric acid is added to a saturated potassium fluoride solution, and the pH at the end point is controlled to be 2 to 3. Application: fluorine can be obtained from electrolytically melted potassium hydrogen fluoride. Industrial for the production of fluorine and fluoride, engraving glass, also used as masking agent, metallurgical flux, preservatives. This information was edited by chemical book Xiaonan (2015-08-17). |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 44.7g/0 ℃;53.5g/10 ℃;94.9g/20 ℃;108g/30 ℃;138g/40 ℃ 142g/60 ℃;150g/80 ℃ |
| preparation | 1) G potassium hydroxide was dissolved in g water to obtain potassium hydroxide solution, hydrogen fluoride gas was introduced into the potassium hydroxide solution, the introduction rate of hydrogen fluoride gas is appropriate to maintain the reaction temperature at 40-70 ℃; 2) when the pH value of the reaction solution reaches 6.8, the introduction of hydrogen fluoride gas is stopped and the neutralization reaction is completed; 3) after settling the reaction solution for 12 hours, take the supernatant; 4) cool the supernatant to 21 °c, add 1g calcium chloride, and the potassium fluoride aqueous solution will complete the crystallization in an instant; 5) after Suction filtration and washing with a saturated aqueous potassium fluoride solution, the filter cake was placed in a vacuum oven and dried for 4 hours to obtain a 99.5% high-purity potassium fluoride product. |
| toxicity | This product is toxic, LD50245mg/kg. It is irritating to the skin and eye mucosa. The operator must wear protective equipment. See aluminum fluoride for details Protection Measure. |
| Use | used as a masking agent for Complexometric titration and food preservative, and also used for glass engraving used for glass engraving, food anti-corrosion, electroplating, etc., also used as welding flux, pesticides, fluoride, absorbent for glass engraving, food anti-corrosion, electroplating. It can be used as a welding flux, an insecticide, a fluorinating agent of an organic compound, a catalyst, an absorbent (absorbing HF and moisture), and the like. It is also a raw material for the preparation of potassium hydrogen fluoride. used in a variety of glass etching, welding fluxes, wood preservatives, agricultural pesticides and pesticide intermediates, raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and organic fluorinated raw materials. complex-forming agents, drop-wise analysis of tantalum, fermentation inhibitors, food preservatives. |
| production method | solid potassium hydroxide is dissolved in an equal amount of water in the neutralization tank by neutralization method, and then anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (or 40% hydrofluoric acid) is introduced. When Ph = 7~8, stop using anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and settle at rest for 24h. The resulting clear solution (containing about 40% of potassium fluoride) sent to a vacuum evaporator for vacuum concentration (pressure of 79993), when the solution contains most of the crystals, then filtered (pressure of 0.2~0.3 Mpa), dry under vacuum (pressure 79993) for 6h to obtain a finished potassium fluoride. Its KOH + HF → KF + H2O |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for Potassium fluoride
Downstream Products for Potassium fluoride
Methyl fluoroacetate
2,3,4-Trifluoronitrobenzene
2-Fluorophenol
4-Fluoroaniline
2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile
1-Bromo-2-fluoroethane
2,4-Difluoroaniline
2,6-Difluorobenzamide
2,3,4-Trifluoronitrobenzene
2-Fluorophenol
4-Fluoroaniline
2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile
1-Bromo-2-fluoroethane
2,4-Difluoroaniline
2,6-Difluorobenzamide